With the exception of the macro assert, the vulnerability as described in ISO/IEC TR 24772-1:2019 clause 6.52 does not apply to C++, because there is no language-defined runtime checking. Macro assert is defined by the standard but is invoked by the programmer, hence is not a language-defined check.
C++ libraries, however, often provide run-time checks which meet the criteria of this vulnerability. Also, compilers and other tools commonly provide means to perform such runtime checks.
To avoid the vulnerability or mitigate its ill effects, C++ software developers can use the avoidance mechanisms of ISO/IEC 24772-1 clause 6.52.5 with respect to library and compiler-provided checks, which will almost always require the explicit enabling the checks.